MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA type-c) is a novel mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP) that represents a breakthrough in mitochondrial biology research. This 16-amino acid peptide is encoded within the mitochondrial genome and serves as a crucial regulator of cellular metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and longevity pathways. MOTS-c research has revolutionized understanding of mitochondrial-nuclear communication and metabolic homeostasis.

Research Applications & Scientific Mechanisms:

⚡ Metabolic & AMPK Pathway Research:

Reverses age-dependent insulin resistance in skeletal muscle
Improves glucose uptake independent of insulin pathways
Activates AMPK through methionine-folate cycle modulation
Increases AICAR levels and cellular energy metabolism
Research applications in diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and energy homeostasis

🔬 Mitochondrial-Nuclear Communication Studies:

Unique dual-location peptide (mitochondria and nucleus)
Regulates nuclear gene expression following metabolic stress
Modulates glucose restriction and antioxidant response genes
Research applications in cellular stress response and adaptation
Mitochondrial signaling pathway investigations

💪 Muscle & Fat Metabolism Research:

Enhances skeletal muscle AMPK activation and glucose transporter expression
Increases brown fat function and reduces adipose tissue accumulation
Prevents adipose dysfunction and inflammation
Beta-oxidation enhancement and fat accumulation prevention
Research applications in sarcopenia, obesity, and muscle wasting

🦴 Bone Health & Osteoporosis Research:

Promotes type I collagen synthesis by osteoblasts
Regulates TGF-beta/SMAD pathway for osteoblast survival
Enhances bone marrow stem cell differentiation to osteoblasts
Increases osteogenesis (new bone formation)
Research applications in osteoporosis and bone regeneration

❤️ Cardiovascular & Endothelial Research:

Improves endothelial cell function and microvascular health
Sensitizes endothelial cells to acetylcholine and other signaling molecules
Protects against cardiac stress and inflammation
Research applications in cardiovascular disease and reperfusion injury
Coronary angiography correlation studies

🧬 Longevity & Population Genetics Research:

Associated with exceptional longevity in Northeast Asian populations
Specific genetic variants linked to extended lifespan
Glutamate-lysine substitution research in position 14
Mitochondrial biology aging mechanisms
Research applications in gerontology and healthspan extension

Published Research Evidence:

Reverses insulin resistance and improves glucose uptake in muscle tissue
Prevents fat accumulation even on high-fat diets in animal models
Enhances osteoblast survival and bone formation markers
Correlates with improved endothelial function in human studies
Associated with longevity variants in population genetics research

Product Specifications:

Purity: ≥99% (HPLC/MS verified)
Molecular Formula: C101H152N28O22S2
Molecular Weight: 2174.7 g/mol
Sequence: MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR
Format: Lyophilized white powder
Storage: -20°C (long term), 2-8°C (short term)
Stability: 36 months when stored properly
Reconstitution: Sterile water or bacteriostatic water
pH Range: 6.5-7.5 after reconstitution
Solubility: Water soluble