MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA type-c) is a novel mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP) that represents a breakthrough in mitochondrial biology research. This 16-amino acid peptide is encoded within the mitochondrial genome and serves as a crucial regulator of cellular metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and longevity pathways. MOTS-c research has revolutionized understanding of mitochondrial-nuclear communication and metabolic homeostasis.

Research Applications & Scientific Mechanisms:

⚡ Metabolic & AMPK Pathway Research:

• Reverses age-dependent insulin resistance in skeletal muscle

• Improves glucose uptake independent of insulin pathways

• Activates AMPK through methionine-folate cycle modulation

• Increases AICAR levels and cellular energy metabolism

• Research applications in diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and energy homeostasis

🔬 Mitochondrial-Nuclear Communication Studies:

• Unique dual-location peptide (mitochondria and nucleus)

• Regulates nuclear gene expression following metabolic stress

• Modulates glucose restriction and antioxidant response genes

• Research applications in cellular stress response and adaptation

• Mitochondrial signaling pathway investigations

💪 Muscle & Fat Metabolism Research:

• Enhances skeletal muscle AMPK activation and glucose transporter expression

• Increases brown fat function and reduces adipose tissue accumulation

• Prevents adipose dysfunction and inflammation

• Beta-oxidation enhancement and fat accumulation prevention

• Research applications in sarcopenia, obesity, and muscle wasting

🦴 Bone Health & Osteoporosis Research:

• Promotes type I collagen synthesis by osteoblasts

• Regulates TGF-beta/SMAD pathway for osteoblast survival

• Enhances bone marrow stem cell differentiation to osteoblasts

• Increases osteogenesis (new bone formation)

• Research applications in osteoporosis and bone regeneration

❤️ Cardiovascular & Endothelial Research:

• Improves endothelial cell function and microvascular health

• Sensitizes endothelial cells to acetylcholine and other signaling molecules

• Protects against cardiac stress and inflammation

• Research applications in cardiovascular disease and reperfusion injury

• Coronary angiography correlation studies

🧬 Longevity & Population Genetics Research:

• Associated with exceptional longevity in Northeast Asian populations

• Specific genetic variants linked to extended lifespan

• Glutamate-lysine substitution research in position 14

• Mitochondrial biology aging mechanisms

• Research applications in gerontology and healthspan extension

Published Research Evidence:

• Reverses insulin resistance and improves glucose uptake in muscle tissue

• Prevents fat accumulation even on high-fat diets in animal models

• Enhances osteoblast survival and bone formation markers

• Correlates with improved endothelial function in human studies

• Associated with longevity variants in population genetics research

Product Specifications:

• Purity: ≥99% (HPLC/MS verified)

• Molecular Formula: C101H152N28O22S2

• Molecular Weight: 2174.7 g/mol

• Sequence: MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR

• Format: Lyophilized white powder

• Storage: -20°C (long term), 2-8°C (short term)

• Stability: 36 months when stored properly

• Reconstitution: Sterile water or bacteriostatic water

• pH Range: 6.5-7.5 after reconstitution

• Solubility: Water soluble